🦍 In November Of 1863 The City Of Atlanta

Thisvintage American Civil War print features the City of Atlanta, Georgia c. 1863. Own a piece of Civil War History with this digitally restored vintage poster from The War Is Hell Store. • Millions of unique designs by independent artists. Find your thing. GettysburgBattle American Civil War July 1863. November 2nd: President Lincoln was invited to make a speech at the dedication of the new cemetery at Gettysburg. Jefferson Davis visited Charleston and publicly stated that he believed the city would not fall. November 3rd: Sherman continued his march to Chattanooga. Battleof Atlanta, (July 22, 1864), American Civil War engagement that was part of the Union 's summer Atlanta Campaign. Union Major Generals William Tecumseh Sherman and James B. McPherson successfully defended against a Confederate offensive from Lieut. Gen. John Bell Hood on the eastern outskirts of Atlanta, Georgia. Novem - The Gettysburg Address: At the dedication of a Pennsylvania cemetery of soldiers killed in battle, Lincoln delivers one of his most famous speeches. The final passage in the InNovember of 1863, the city of famous " March to the sea". Twoyears later its name was changed again, to Atlanta. Colonel Long's disdained 200 acres formed the center of the city, which blossomed rapidly. By 1860 Atlanta could boast a population of more than 10,000, and it was still growing. The city was recognized early in the war as a vital link in Confederate communications. J. The Battle of Atlanta becomes a Union victory. 34,863 Union troops under Generals Sherman and McPherson face-off against the Army of Tennessee and its 40,438 troops led by General Hood and Hardee. Losses are 3,641 against 5,500, respectively. August 31, 1864. Atlantas slave population, enumerated at 2,523 by the city tax collector in November 1863, was relatively small compared to coastal cities, but enslaved labor contributed substantially to the city's economy and the Confederate war effort. At the time of the Battle of Atlanta, the city was completely encircled by over ten miles of carefully . Major General William Sherman commanded three Union armies in the Atlanta campaign Sherman's Atlanta CampaignAfter Richmond, Virginia, Atlanta, Georgia was the most crucial railroad and supply center in the Confederacy. Sherman and his armies left Chattanooga in May 1864; their objective was Atlanta with its capture resulting in the following Split the Confederacy in half Isolate Confederate armies in the west Deny supplies and transportation routes to the Confederacy General map of Shermans Atlanta Campaign Sherman attacked along the axis of the Western and Atlantic Railroad line, which ran from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Marietta, Georgia. The two armies fought a series of battles that followed a similar pattern. Sherman would send part of his army against General Johnston's fortified defensive position while flanking the Confederate position with other Union forces Johnston would respond to the flanking maneuver by retreating to another secure geographic location further down the line toward Atlanta The Atlanta campaign followed this pattern in battles at Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, and Adairsville in early May 1864. Sherman confronted Johnston's army in a powerful defensive position at Allatoona Pass; he maneuvered his entire Army around Johnston's left flank to force a Confederate retreat. Fearing his army would be overrun at the battle of Marietta, General Johnston retreated again to a previously selected fortified position at Kennesaw Mountain. General Joseph Johnson Kennesaw MountainAt Kennesaw Mountain, General Sherman abandoned his previous tactic, maneuvering around Johnston's flanks, and decided to conduct a frontal attack against Johnston's forces. Now only fifteen miles from Atlanta, the Confederate forces at Kennesaw Mountain were imminent to his supply line from Chattanooga. In a telegram to Washington, Sherman stated"The whole country is one vast fort, and Johnston must have at least 50 miles of connected trenches with abatis and finished batteries. We gain ground daily, fighting all the time...Our lines are now in close contact and the fighting incessant, with a good deal of artillery. As fast as we gain one position, the enemy has another all ready...Kennesaw...is the key to the whole country."Sherman planned to weaken Johnston's fortified defenses by extending his Union troops to Johnston's battle lines' right and then attack at the weakened center. On June 27, 1864, Sherman attacked. After the battle, Sherman explained his reasoning for the frontal attack, despite the extent of the Confederate fortifications. Sherman is quoted saying"I perceived that the enemy and our officers had settled down into a conviction that I would not assault fortified lines. All looked to me to outflank. An army to be efficient, must not settle down to a single mode of offence, but must be prepared to execute any plan which promises success. I wanted, therefore, for the moral effect, to make a successful assault against the enemy behind his breastworks, and resolved to attempt it at that point where success would give the largest fruits of victory."The fruits of victory were bitter. Sherman's attacking troops suffered 3,000 casualties, Johnston's defenders 1,000; however, as most of his forces were engaged in the frontal attack, Sherman sent additional divisions around Johnston's left. Even though he had successfully defended against the Union assault, Johnston abandoned the Kennesaw Mountain fortifications for Takes CommandJohnston's retreat from Kennesaw Mountain caused Confederate President Jefferson Davis to replace him as General of the Army of Tennessee with General John Bell Hood. Davis stated that he was frustrated by Johnston's unwillingness to confront Sherman's divisions even given the almost two to one disparity in numbers between the two opposing armies. After the Confederate retreat from Kennesaw Mountain, Sherman's three armies totaling 90,000 troops surrounded Atlanta. General John Bell Hood replaced General Johnston after the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain The Battle of Atlanta MapGeneral Hood was much more aggressive in his actions than his predecessor Johnston, although, in the end, this aggressiveness hastened the fall of Atlanta. On July 20, 1864, Hood sent two divisions to attack one of Sherman's armies, the Army of the Cumberland, crossing Peachtree Creek west of Atlanta. The attack was repulsed, resulting in the loss of Hood's 2,500 evening, Hood sent his reserve division to reinforce a cavalry division on a low ridge east of Atlanta that ended in a prominence called Bald Hill. Another of Sherman's armies, the Army of Tennessee, was east of Atlanta, astride the Georgia railroad between Decatur and Atlanta; they were headed for the same ridge. Battle of Atlanta around Bald Hill July 22, 1864 On July 21, 1864, as the infantry of Hood's reserve division were entrenching defensive works on Bald Hill, they were attacked and overrun by the Union Army of Tennessee. Hood devised a plan to remove the Union troops from Bald Hill the following day. To hold the Army of Tennessee in its position and keep it from sending reinforcements to the Union troops on Bald Hill, Hood ordered one of his infantry corps under General Cheatham to attack the Georgia railroad upwards. Hood sent another corps under General Hardee on a flanking march to attack Bald Hill from the attack was supposed to happen at dawn, but nothing happened until noon. Hardee's flanking attack was stopped dead in its tracks for two reasons Hardee attacked too soon before Cheatham's diversionary attack had even started Expecting to find an unopposed flank, Hardee's corps ran into a Union corps of equal size To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Atlanta, Battle of 1864.Throughout May, June, and early July 1864, the Union army of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman advanced through northern Georgia toward Atlanta while the Confederate army of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, to the increasing alarm of the Richmond authorities, retreated in front of it. Finally, on 17 July, President Jefferson Davis acted, replacing Johnston with the aggressive Gen. John Bell this time the Confederate army was backed into the very outskirts of Atlanta, and Hood had no choice but to fight or abandon the city. On 20 July, he attacked Federal troops under Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas near Peachtree Creek the Battle of Peachtree Creek. Hood's plan went awry and the result was a bloody days later, Hood struck again, in what is called the Battle of Atlanta. His target this time was a Federal force under Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson. Hood's plan was a good one, a flanking maneuver of his own, and this time it was tolerably well executed. Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee led his Confederate force on a long, tiring night march to gain the Federal rear. While he attacked from that direction, Confederates under Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham were to attack the Union front. Hood, who was hampered by a crippled arm and a missing leg, was not personally present on the battlefield, and afterward he complained that Hardee had not positioned his troops as directed. Hardee, who resented being passed over in favor of Hood, was sometimes uncooperative. Still, Confederates struck hard at McPherson's Federals in a fierce day‐long battle. The result went against the Southerners. Two Union divisions of Maj. Gen. Grenville Dodge's corps had, the night before, taken up a position that allowed them to blunt Hardee's attack. That, along with exceptionally hard fighting on the part of McPherson's men, produced Hood's defeat, but not before McPherson himself had been killed and John A. Logan had taken his place. On the Confederate side, Maj. Gen. William H. T. Walker was killed. Just over 30,000 Federals were engaged against nearly 40,000 Confederates. Federal casualties were 3,722; Confederate losses are harder to pinpoint, but the best estimate is 7, days later, Sherman tried yet another turning maneuver, and Hood responded again, attacking the Federals at the Battle of Ezra Church and again suffering a bloody repulse. After that, operations settled down to a quasi‐siege of Atlanta. Hood's three sorties had cost him heavily in casualties and failed to gain battlefield success. Nevertheless, they had prevented Sherman from taking the city that month and forced the Union commander to show more caution in his future operations. Though Atlanta fell to Sherman on 2 September 1864, it is likely that Hood's installation as commander had delayed that event six weeks beyond the time it would have happened had Johnston remained in command.[See also Civil War Military and Diplomatic Course.]Bibliography Richard M. McMurry , John Bell Hood and the War for Southern Independence, 1982. Albert Castel , Decision in the West The Atlanta Campaign of 1864, 1992. Steven E. Woodworth

in november of 1863 the city of atlanta